Looks like this started happening when shader compiler was changed to use local sockets instead of named pipes (around 5.2 or 5.3). Some 3rd party software (e.g. Netop WebFilter can cause Unity to not communicate with the shader compiler (and possibly GI JobProcess) properly.

This issue is fixed in Netop Vision latest version, download it and problem should disappear.
http://www.netop.com/edu/downloads.htm

Reproduction steps (need at least 2 computers):
1. Install Netop Vision, one with teacher version, another with student version.
2. Make sure that Netop Vision on student computer is connected to teacher.
3. From teacher version turn on web filtering.
4. On student computer try to launch Unity project.

Expected result: Unity project will be launched.
Actual result: Unity crashes.

If you can not download latest version, there is severeal workarounds:
-Run the following command in the CMD window with Admin rights:
netsh winsock reset
-Another solution is to turn off Web Filter.