The issue happens only when the rigidbody has Freeze Rotation on the Z axis set to true and the parent object of Particle System object is moved. If the Particle System itself is moved, everything works as expected.

To reproduce:

1. Open the project, attached by the user (New Unity Project.zip)
2. Open the "Scene1" scene
3. Enter Play mode
4. Move the cube with A and D, and then stop
5. Observe how particles are still being emitted

Expected: the Particle System doesn't emit when the object is not moving

Reproduced in 2017.2.0b1, 2017.2.0f3, 2017.3.0b6, 2018.1.0a1
Did not reproduce in 5.6.4p1, 2017.1.2p2, 2017.2.0a4
Regression introduced in 2017.2.0b1