Steps to reproduce:
1. Open attached project
2. Go to Assets>Sprites in editor
3. Click on Repro.png
4. Set Texture type to Sprite(2D and UI)
5. Set Compression to Normal (it should be by default)
6. Drag and drop sprite in Scene view

Results: You will notice some color artifacts (image attached below)

Reproduced with: 5.5.0b7, 5.4.1p3, 5.3.6p3

Note: Does not reproduces when Sprite compression is set to None. Also reproduces when image used as Texture.