Does not reproduce on:  2020.3.30f1, 2021.3.5f1

Reproduces on: 2023.1 + Trunk
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More info:

The issue seems to stem from the fact that the right shader variant is not picked. Specifically, we need the variant:

HDRP/Lit _DOUBLESIDED_ON, _DISABLE_SSR_TRANSPARENT, _NORMALMAP_TANGENT_SPACE

for the ShadowCaster pass.

This variant survives stripping as double checked with logging (at the end of TryStripShaderVariants in ShaderPreprocessor.cs in HDRP) however, as shown by debugging and via using the Player.log said variant is not present.
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Steps to reproduce: 

1) Open attached project or create any object with alpha clipped material assigned to it

2) Observe that shadows cast by alpha clipped meshes look good in editor

3) Build the project and observe that shadows are solid, without any alpha clipping visible

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