Edited to add (23/09/2020) - Nothing to fix in Unity, waiting on a third party bug fix to be released to production. See workaround in Notes below.

How to reproduce:
1. Open the project link and download "Case_1218728.zip"
2. Open the downloaded project and load the scene "SampleScene"
3. Press Play

Reproducible on: 2019.3.0a9, 2019.3.3f1, 2020.1.0a25
Not reproducible on: 2018.4.18f1, 2019.3.0a8
Could not test with: 2017.4.37f1 (trying to play Video throws and error)

Full stack trace:
0x00007FFAAC8003A7 (hevcdecoder_store) DllGetActivationFactory
0x00007FFAAC7FFFFB (hevcdecoder_store) DllGetActivationFactory
0x00007FFAAC7F388C (hevcdecoder_store) DllGetActivationFactory
0x00007FFAAC7F34EB (hevcdecoder_store) DllGetActivationFactory
0x00007FFAAC7EF955 (hevcdecoder_store) DllGetActivationFactory
0x00007FFAAC7EE3EF (hevcdecoder_store) DllGetActivationFactory
0x00007FFAAC7D11FE (hevcdecoder_store) DllGetActivationFactory
0x00007FFA8301F140 (MFCORE) MFCreateAudioRenderer
0x00007FFA8301EAFA (MFCORE) MFCreateAudioRenderer
0x00007FFA8301F6BD (MFCORE) MFCreateAudioRenderer
0x00007FFACC0A614D (RTWorkQ) RtwqAddPeriodicCallback
0x00007FFAE90C528C (ntdll) RtlRunOnceComplete
0x00007FFAE90A0348 (ntdll) RtlReleaseSRWLockExclusive
0x00007FFAE6E57974 (KERNEL32) BaseThreadInitThunk
0x00007FFAE90BA261 (ntdll) RtlUserThreadStart

Notes:
1. The problem appears to be limited to files encoded with Adobe products.
2. These files also crash Windows' Film&TV application, as well as other applications also using Microsoft Media Foundation.
3. Some videos reproduce the crash instantly, others require entering Play Mode a couple of times.
4. Transcoding the video inside Unity's VideoClip importer (to any of the available codecs) fixes the issue.

To get finer control over the re-encoding workaround, ffmpeg can be used. For example:

C:\Program Files\ffmpeg\bin\ffmpeg.exe -i original_file.mp4 -c:v libx265 -acodec copy fixed_file.mp4