Reproduction steps:
1. Open the attached project.
2. Play the "mainScene".
3. Repeat step 2 up to 5 times.
- Editor will crash.
- Stack trace may vary on each try.
- Sometimes Editor.log shows an empty stack trace.

Stack trace:
--
#0 0x007fff73069fce in __pthread_kill
#1 0x007fff72f788fe in raise
#2 0x0000013acc815e in g_logv
#3 0x0000013acc82d1 in g_log
#4 0x0000013ac3f279 in mono_marshal_free_inflated_wrappers
#5 0x0000013ac45faa in mono_method_inflated_lookup
#6 0x0000013acc7894 in g_hash_table_foreach_remove
#7 0x0000013ac45bc0 in mono_metadata_clean_for_image
#8 0x0000013ac27176 in mono_image_close
#9 0x0000013abee934 in mono_assembly_close
#10 0x0000013ac0ff06 in mono_domain_free
#11 0x0000013abed2d8 in mono_domain_try_unload
#12 0x0000013acb8c96 in CreateThread
#13 0x0000013acdf172 in GC_start_routine
#14 0x007fff731a46c1 in _pthread_body
#15 0x007fff731a456d in _pthread_body
#16 0x007fff731a3c5d in thread_start
--
0 libsystem_kernel.dylib 0x00007fffb5553d42 __pthread_kill + 10
1 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fffb54b9420 abort + 129
2 libsystem_malloc.dylib 0x00007fffb55b8d98 nanozone_error + 525
3 libsystem_malloc.dylib 0x00007fffb55ae588 _nano_malloc_check_clear + 427
4 libsystem_malloc.dylib 0x00007fffb55aea77 nano_calloc + 70
5 Unity 0x000000010091e760 _Z9my_callocP14_malloc_zone_tmm + 16
6 Chromium Embedded Framework 0x0000000108486ac6 cef_time_delta + 603574
7 libsystem_malloc.dylib 0x00007fffb55a943e malloc_zone_calloc + 87
8 libsystem_malloc.dylib 0x00007fffb55a9d7f calloc + 30
9 libmono.0.dylib 0x000000013e2a1d97 g_malloc0 + 30
10 libmono.0.dylib 0x000000013e22e25b mono_mb_new_base + 82
11 libmono.0.dylib 0x000000013e22e2c3 mono_mb_new + 21
12 libmono.0.dylib 0x000000013e214cea mono_marshal_get_native_wrapper + 806
13 libmono.0.dylib 0x000000013e134b42 mono_method_to_ir + 159898
14 libmono.0.dylib 0x000000013e105eba mini_method_compile + 2122
15 libmono.0.dylib 0x000000013e10794b mono_jit_compile_method_with_opt + 1196
16 libmono.0.dylib 0x000000013e10744f mono_jit_compile_method + 36
17 libmono.0.dylib 0x000000013e2381e0 mono_compile_method + 22
18 libmono.0.dylib 0x000000013e17849b mono_magic_trampoline + 1968
--
mono_class_array_element_size
0x0000000140CA04A1 (Unity) scripting_array_new
0x0000000140F15A79 (Unity) GetUnityAssembliesManaged
0x0000000140F1AE49 (Unity) SetAllUnityAssemblies
0x0000000140F163A4 (Unity) InitializeManagedCompilationPipeline
0x00000001406B3B99 (Unity) CallbackArray::Invoke
0x0000000140C78ABC (Unity) MonoManager::SetupLoadedEditorAssemblies
0x0000000140C6DE8B (Unity) MonoManager::EndReloadAssembly
0x0000000140C7772D (Unity) MonoManager::ReloadAssembly
0x0000000140F1AB2F (Unity) ReloadAllUsedAssemblies
0x0000000140F083C2 (Unity) EditorSceneManager::RestoreSceneBackups
0x0000000141497F27 (Unity) PlayerLoopController::EnterPlayMode
0x00000001414A39D8 (Unity) PlayerLoopController::SetIsPlaying
0x00000001414A5BCE (Unity) Application::TickTimer
0x0000000141697F61 (Unity) MainMessageLoop
0x0000000141699F4E (Unity) WinMain
0x0000000142801277 (Unity) __scrt_common_main_seh
0x00007FFAA9E71FE4 (KERNEL32) BaseThreadInitThunk
0x00007FFAAAA2EF91 (ntdll) RtlUserThreadStart
--

Note:
Vuforia addon is required to play the project.

Reproduced with:
2017.3.0p1, 2018.1.0b1

Not reproducible with:
2017.2.1p1