To reproduce:

1. Download attached project "907324.zip" and open in Unity
2. Open "Test" scene
3. Enter Play mode

To reproduce from the sratch:
1. Create a Cube game object and reset it transform
2. Attach an Animator component to the Cube game object
3. Create an Animator Controller asset and assign it to Cube's game object Animator
4. Create an Animation Clip asset
5. In the Animation clip, make a 1 second animation that moves Cube game object to the scene origin, from elsewhere. When no longer recording position changes, move Cube game object back to the origin if it not already there
6. In the Animation controller, make a new layer, and place the Animation clip in that layer (as default state)
7. Set the Animation layer to Additive
8. Select the Animation state in the Animator, select AddBehaviour button, and
add a new script
9. In the body of the script class, place this:

public AnimationClip target, reference;
public float time;
private void Awake()
{
UnityEditor.AnimationUtility.SetAdditiveReferencePose(target,
reference, time);
}

10. Drag the Animation clip into the Target and Reference fields in the State's Inspector, set the Time to 1
11. Save project and enter to the Play mode

Expected result: After you entered to the Play mode, Cube game object starts moving
Actual result: After you entered to the Play mode, Unity Editor crashes

Reproduced on Unity 5.5.3p2, 5.6.0p4 and 2017.1.0b3
Could not check for regression in 5.4.x, because files can not be loaded