How to reproduce:
1. Open the “screen goes black“ project
2. Open the “SampleScene“
3. Run and Build for Android
4. In the application press the “Quality 2“ button
5. Observe the screen

Expected result: The cube is rendered with the Lit shader and the application doesn't crash
Actual result: Either the application crashes, renders the screen black or doesn't render any GameObject other than the UI

Reproducible with: 2023.2.0a15, 6000.0.26f1, 6000.1.0a3
Not reproducible with: 2021.3.45f1, 2022.3.52f1, 2023.2.0a14

Reproducible environment: macOS 14.6.1 (Intel), Windows 11 (Reporters)
Not reproducible environment: No other environment tested

Reproducible with these devices:
VLNQA00111, Samsung Galaxy J5(2016) (SM-J510FN), Android 7.1.1, CPU: Snapdragon 410 MSM8916, GPU: Adreno (TM) 306
VLNQA00285, Samsung Galaxy J4 Core (SM-J410F), Android 8.1.0, CPU: Snapdragon 425 MSM8917, GPU: Adreno (TM) 308
VLNQA00054, Xiaomi MI 4LTE (MI 4LTE), Android 6.0.1, CPU: Snapdragon 801 MSM8974AC, GPU: Adreno (TM) 330
VLNQA00069, Motorola Moto G (5) Plus (Moto G (4)), Android 7.0, CPU: Snapdragon 617 MSM8952, GPU: Adreno (TM) 405
VLNQA00314, Lge Nexus 5X (Nexus 5X), Android 8.0.0, CPU: Snapdragon 808, GPU: Adreno (TM) 418
VLNQA00107, Huawei Nexus 6P (Nexus 6P), Android 8.1.0, CPU: Snapdragon 810 MSM8994, GPU: Adreno (TM) 430
Redmi 10A, Android 11 RP1A.200720.011, MIUI 12.5.16 Stable. CPU: Helio G25 Octa-core Max2.00GHz, Model 220233L2G, GPU: PowerVR GE8320 (Reporter’s Device)
Moto G Play, SKU XT1601, Android 7.1.1, Qualcomm MSM8916 Snapdragon 410, Adreno 306 (Reporter’s device)

Not reproducible with these Android devices:
VLNQA00511, Samsung Galaxy S8 (SM-G950F), Android 9, CPU: Exynos 9 Octa 8895, GPU: Mali-G71
VLNQA00518, Google Pixel 4 (Pixel 4), Android 13, CPU: Snapdragon 855 SM8150, GPU: Adreno (TM) 640
VLNQA00335, Samsung Galaxy S20+ 5G (SM-G986B), Android 10, CPU: Exynos 990, GPU: Mali-G77
VLNQA00278, Xiaomi - (Redmi Note 7), Android 10, CPU: Snapdragon 660, GPU: Adreno (TM) 512
VLNQA00391, Xiaomi - (M2006C3LG), Android 10, CPU: MediaTek Helio G25 (MT6762G), GPU: PowerVR Rogue GE8320
VLNQA00416, iPhone 13 Pro (MLVA3ET/A), CPU: Apple A15 Bionic, GPU: Apple designed, OS: 16.1.1
VLNQA00535, iPhone XS (MT9F2ET/A), CPU: Apple A12 Bionic, GPU: Apple designed, OS: 17.6.1
VLNQA00600, iPad Pro (9.7 inch, WiFi) (MLMY2B/A), CPU: Apple A9X, GPU: Apple designed, OS: 14.8

Notes:
- Not reproducible on macOS and Windows Standalone and Play Mode in the Editor
- Reproducible with Vulkan and OpenGLES3 Graphics API’s
- No issue when the application is built with different qaulity Universal Render Pipeline assets, the issue comes from switching to the highest quality
- More information in the comments