How to reproduce:
1. Open the user's attached project and Scenes/Menu scene
2. In the Addressables Groups window, select Menu
3. Set Build Path to RemoteBuildPath and LoadPath to RemoteLoadPath (make sure that Addressables Hosting is enabled)
4. In the Addressables Groups window select Build/New Build/Default Build Script
5. Select File/Build settings and enable Development Build and Build the Player
6. Run the Player and press Check for Catalog Update and Check for new Content
7. Select Load and see that Scene is loaded successfully
8. Open Scenes/Menu scene and change the Main Camera background color to blue (or any other color)
9. In the Addressables Groups window select Build/New Build/Default Build Script
10. In Windows Explorer, open "C:\\Users\\%UserName%\\AppData\\LocalLow\\DefaultCompany\\BrokenCatalog
com.unity.addressables"
11. Open "catalog_data.json" in a HexEditor, change the file to corrupt it and save (add random numbers in the middle of the file)
12. Run the Player again and select Check for Catalog Update

Expected result: Console prints notification that Addressables are not able to load locally cached catalog and it's possible to download a working catalog again
Actual result: Console prints "No catalog update available" and there is no way to download a working catalog

Reproducible with: 1.16.9 - 1.18.9 (2019.4.28f1, 2020.3.13f1, 2021.1.13f1, 2021.2.0b1)
Could not test with: 2018.4 (could not downgrade)

Note: Deleting the corrupted catalog.* files allows the player to download a catalog update again