To reproduce:

1. Open attached project.
2. Simulate particle systems in edit mode.
3. See that they look the same
4. Press play.
5. Now they look different, one faster, another slower

Expected result: One should be faster, because it applies time scale, other should be slower.
Actual result: Time Scale is always applied to particles in edit mode, nonetheless which option of Delta Time scale is selected

Time scale settings can be found at Edit->Project Settings->Time

Reproduced on: 2017.1.0b4 (ab0150af3e1e)
no regression testing since it's a fairly new feature.