Steps to reproduce:
1. Open attached Unity Project "Test2D"
2. Select 'Test' tile asset from the Project explorer
3. Set its Sprite slot to either of the supplied sprites
4. Open Window->Tile Palette
5. Drag 'Test' tile asset to Tile Palette

Note: the problem seems to appear somewhat randomly, so it might be necessary to reload the same project with contents of Library removed or to delete and recreate a Tile Palette a few times. These steps resulted in almost 100% reproduction success:
1. Set everything up as in steps 1-5 listed above
2. Exit Unity
3. Load up the same project in Unity again
4. Delete Tile Palette Asset
5. Create new Tile Palette Asset
6. Drag Tile onto the newly created Tile Palette

Expected result: Tile Palette does not glitch, throw errors or crash Unity
Actual result: grid glitches ("gridGlitch.gif"), throws the two errors listed below and/or crashes

Error 1:
IndexOutOfRangeException: Array index is out of range.
UnityEditorInternal.GridEditorUtility.GenerateCachedGridMesh (UnityEngine.GridLayout gridLayout, Color color, Single screenPixelSize, RectInt bounds) (at C:/buildslave/unity/build/Editor/Mono/Grid/GridEditorUtility.cs:310)
UnityEditor.GridPaintPaletteClipboard.RenderGrid () (at C:/buildslave/unity/build/Modules/TilemapEditor/Editor/Managed/Grid/GridPaintPaletteClipboard.cs:578)
UnityEditor.GridPaintPaletteClipboard.Render () (at C:/buildslave/unity/build/Modules/TilemapEditor/Editor/Managed/Grid/GridPaintPaletteClipboard.cs:535)
UnityEditor.GridPaintPaletteClipboard.OnGUI () (at C:/buildslave/unity/build/Modules/TilemapEditor/Editor/Managed/Grid/GridPaintPaletteClipboard.cs:377)
UnityEditor.GridPaintPaletteWindow.OnClipboardGUI (Rect position) (at C:/buildslave/unity/build/Modules/TilemapEditor/Editor/Managed/Grid/GridPaintPaletteWindow.cs:819)
UnityEditor.GridPaintPaletteWindow.OnGUI () (at C:/buildslave/unity/build/Modules/TilemapEditor/Editor/Managed/Grid/GridPaintPaletteWindow.cs:230)
System.Reflection.MonoMethod.Invoke (System.Object obj, BindingFlags invokeAttr, System.Reflection.Binder binder, System.Object[] parameters, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture) (at /Users/builduser/buildslave/mono/build/mcs/class/corlib/System.Reflection/MonoMethod.cs:222)
Rethrow as TargetInvocationException: Exception has been thrown by the target of an invocation.
System.Reflection.MonoMethod.Invoke (System.Object obj, BindingFlags invokeAttr, System.Reflection.Binder binder, System.Object[] parameters, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture) (at /Users/builduser/buildslave/mono/build/mcs/class/corlib/System.Reflection/MonoMethod.cs:232)
System.Reflection.MethodBase.Invoke (System.Object obj, System.Object[] parameters) (at /Users/builduser/buildslave/mono/build/mcs/class/corlib/System.Reflection/MethodBase.cs:115)
UnityEditor.HostView.Invoke (System.String methodName, System.Object obj) (at C:/buildslave/unity/build/Editor/Mono/HostView.cs:283)
UnityEditor.HostView.Invoke (System.String methodName) (at C:/buildslave/unity/build/Editor/Mono/HostView.cs:276)
UnityEditor.HostView.InvokeOnGUI (Rect onGUIPosition) (at C:/buildslave/unity/build/Editor/Mono/HostView.cs:243)

Error 2:
Matrix stack full depth reached
UnityEngine.GUIUtility:ProcessEvent(Int32, IntPtr)

Reproducible with: 2017.2.0a4, 2017.2.0b1, 2017.2.0b2, 2017.2.0b3, 2017.2.0b4
Note: not tested on earlier versions because the feature was not available