Reproduction steps:
1. Open the attached “repro-project“
2. In the lower right corner of the Editor select the bug icon to open the Debugger window
3. Select “Switch to debug mode” in the opened window
4. Wait for the scripts to start reloading
5. Observe the crash

Reproducible with: 2023.3.0a7, 6000.0.18f1
Not reproducible with: 2021.3.43f1, 2022.3.44f1
Could not test with: 2022.1.0a1, 2023.3.0a6 (due to errors preventing switching to debug mode)

Reproduced on: Windows 10, Windows 11 (by reporter)
Not reproducible on: No other environment tested

Notes:
1. If the issue does not reproduce after following the steps, switch between release mode and debug mode repeatedly until it does. Reproduction is inconsistent
2. The exact version where the issue was introduced could not be identified

First few lines of the stack traces:
0x00007FFA09EF2371 (mono-2.0-bdwgc) [C:\build\output\Unity-Technologies\mono\mono\metadata\appdomain.c:3369] unload_thread_main
0x00007FFA0A04806B (mono-2.0-bdwgc) [C:\build\output\Unity-Technologies\mono\mono\metadata\threads.c:1272] start_wrapper_internal
0x00007FFA0A04827E (mono-2.0-bdwgc) [C:\build\output\Unity-Technologies\mono\mono\metadata\threads.c:1348] start_wrapper
0x00007FFB24C5257D (KERNEL32) BaseThreadInitThunk
0x00007FFB25CCAF28 (ntdll) RtlUserThreadStart