Reproduction steps:
1. Open the attached project "PROJECT_PATH"
2. Open the “/Assets/Scenes/SampleScene.unity” Scene
3. Open “PROJECT_PATH2“ in Android Studio
4. In Android Studio, select any emulator and press the “Run” Button
5. In Editor, open the Preferences window (Edit > Preferences)
6. Select the External Tools tab
7. Make sure all Android modules are installed with Unity
8. Change the Android SDK Module to use Android Studio’s SDK
9. Change the Android SDK Module back to SDK installed with Unity
10. Open the Build Settings window (File > Build Settings)
11. Click the Refresh Button next to the “Run Device” option
12. Repeat steps 4 - 11 for about 5 times

Expected result: The Editor does not terminate ADB connections
Actual result: The message “Multiple ADB server instances found, the following ADB server instance has been terminated due to being run from another SDK“ appears in the Console window

Reproducible with: 2021.3.32f1, 2022.3.12f1, 2023.2.0f1, 2023.3.0a16

Reproducible on: Windows 10 Enterprise 21H2
Not reproducible on: No other environment tested

Note:
- Forum thread of the same issue: https://forum.unity.com/threads/unity-build-keeps-knocking-out-existing-adb-instances-then-reports-no-device-connected.1340960/