CollisionListener2D::ProcessContacts crashes in Play mode when unparenting game objects and destroying their parent which has Rigidbody2D

To reproduce:

1. Download attached project "901465.zip" and open in Unity
2. Press "Play" button
3. Walk on the "Boomer" game object
4. Wait few seconds until "Boomer" game object explodes

Expected result: After "Boomer" game object explodes, "Player(Clone)" game object explodes too.
Actual result: After "Boomer" game object explodes, Unity crashes

Note: If you delete Rigidbody2D from "Player(Clone)" game object, which is created when you press "Play" button and in Scene view put "Boomer" game object on "Player(Clone)" game object, then when "Boomer" game object explodes, no crash occurs (Works on Unity 5.6.0b5 or newer). If you build game on Windows, it also crashes

Reproduced on Unity 5.6.0p2 and 2017.1.0b1
Not reproduced on Unity 5.5.3p1
Regression on Unity 5.6.0b1