Reproduction steps:
1) Download and open user's attached project
2) Build and run currently open scene (there are no scenes, just build and run) on an Android device
-- Notice that artifacts are being rendered

Note: you can reproduce this on any project - just turn on Anti Aliasing.
Disabling Anti Aliasing in Quality Settings fixes this issue

Reproduced with:
2018.2.0a5, 2018.2.0a1, 2018.1.0b9, 2017.3.1p2, 2017.1.3p1, 2017.1.0b2
Unity 5.6.0f3 - 5.6.5p2 are not rendering at all (black screen)

Unable to reproduce with 5.5.6f1

Devices under testing:
Reproduced with:
Nexus 7, Android 5.1.1, Nvidia Tegra 3

Unable to reproduce:
Nvidia Shield Tablet, Android 6.0.1, Tegra K1
Samsung Galaxy Note 8, Android 7.1, Adreno 540
Samsung Galaxy Tab 3 Lite 7.0, Android 4.4.4, Mali-400 MP2
HTC One mini 2, Android 4.4.2, Adreno 305