How to reproduce:
1. Download and install Visual Studio 2022 17.4.0 Preview 5.0
2. Open attached project “My Project.zip“, or create an empty project
3. Make sure the IL2CPP is selected as the scripting backend (Project Settings -> Player -> Other Settings -> Scripting Backend)
4. Shouldn't be necessary but can make sure the “Visual Studio preview” install is selected as the External script editor (Edit->Preferences->External Tools -> External Script Editor)
5. Open the Build Settings (Edit > Build Settings…)
6. Build

Expected result: The Player is built successfully
Actual result: The Player build fails with an error message: “Building Library\Bee\artifacts\WinPlayerBuildProgram\ei6vj\6p7s_z_vm6.lump.obj failed”

C:\Program Files\Unity\2023.1.0a16_4a28b8b54318\Data\il2cpp\libil2cpp\utils\Il2CppHashMap.h(71): error C2039: 'hash_compare': is not a member of 'stdext'
C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Preview\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.34.31932\include\iterator(1426): note: see declaration of 'stdext'
C:\Program Files\Unity\2023.1.0a16_4a28b8b54318\Data\il2cpp\libil2cpp\utils\Il2CppHashMap.h(71): error C2065: 'hash_compare': undeclared identifier
C:\Program Files\Unity\2023.1.0a16_4a28b8b54318\Data\il2cpp\libil2cpp\utils\Il2CppHashMap.h(71): error C2275: 'Key': expected an expression instead of a type
C:\Program Files\Unity\2023.1.0a16_4a28b8b54318\Data\il2cpp\libil2cpp\vm\MetadataCache.cpp(38): error C2976: 'Il2CppReaderWriterLockedHashMap': too few template arguments
C:\Program Files\Unity\2023.1.0a16_4a28b8b54318\Data\il2cpp\libil2cpp\utils\Il2CppHashMap.h(75): note: see declaration of 'Il2CppReaderWriterLockedHashMap'

Reproducible with: 2020.3.41f1, 2021.3.12f1, 2022.1.21f1, 2022.2.0b13, 2023.1.0a16

Tested with: Windows 10 Enterprise

Forum Post where it was reported: [https://forum.unity.com/threads/il2cpp-error-on-building-for-windows.1351589/]
Workaround available here: https://forum.unity.com/threads/workaround-for-building-with-il2cpp-with-visual-studio-2022-17-4.1355570/