Reproduction steps:
1. Open the attached “repro-project”
2. Open the “Assets/Scenes/Game.unity“ scene
3. Enter Play Mode
4. Rapidly press the space bar
5. Observe the crash

Reproducible with: 2022.3.11f1, 2022.3.12f1, 2023.3.0a12
Not reproducible with: 2021.3.32f1, 2022.3.10f1, 2023.1.19f1, 2023.2.0b16

Reproduced on: Windows 10 Pro, Windows 11 (by reporter)
Not reproducible on: No other environment tested

Note: If the issue does not reproduce, keep repeating steps 3 and 4 until it does

First few lines of the stack trace:
0x00007FF77E22EC2D (Unity) tlsf_free
0x00007FF77BFF359E (Unity) DynamicHeapAllocator::Deallocate
0x00007FF77C004998 (Unity) DualThreadAllocator<DynamicHeapAllocator>::TryDeallocate
0x00007FF77BFF3E12 (Unity) MemoryManager::Deallocate
0x00007FF77BFFC77A (Unity) free_alloc_internal
0x00007FF77BF8E555 (Unity) core::hash_set<unsigned short,core::hash<unsigned short>,std::equal_to<unsigned short> >::resize