How to reproduce:
1. Download and open the attached "Repro__project" project
2. Open the "Scene" scene
3. Enter "Plat" mode
4. Observe the console window

Expected outcome: No errors appear
Actual outcome: "Assertion failed on expression: 'jobParameters.dependency == JobFence()'
UnityEngine.StackTraceUtility:ExtractStackTrace ()
Unity.Jobs.LowLevel.Unsafe.JobsUtility:ScheduleParallelForTransformReadOnly (Unity.Jobs.LowLevel.Unsafe.JobsUtility/JobScheduleParameters&,intptr,int)
UnityEngine.Jobs.IJobParallelForTransformExtensions:RunReadOnly<Work/Rotate> (Work/Rotate,UnityEngine.Jobs.TransformAccessArray)
Work:LateUpdate () (at Assets/Work.cs:58)" errors appear

Reproducible with: 2022.2.0a17, 2022.2.21f1, 2023.1.0b19, 2023.2.0a17
Not reproducible with: 2021.3.26f1, 2022.2.0a16

Using IJobParallelForTransformExtensions.ScheduleReadOnly(..).Complete() on the same job does not trigger the assert (but that's not an acceptable workaround as it forces a wait on any other running jobs).

2. How can we reproduce it using the example you attached

Open scene, go to playmode, observe assert spew.
Checking "Rotate" or "Use Job" in the Work component of the Work gameobject makes the assert stop.