Reproduction steps:
1. Download and open the attached project "994308-VulkanAssetBundles.zip"
2. Open the Addressables Groups window (Window -> Asset Management -> Addressables -> Groups)
3. Build Asset Bundles (Build -> New Build -> Default Build Script)
4. Build and run the project
5. Notice that the Cube is rendered white
6. Open the Player Settings (Edit -> Project Settings -> Player)
7. Change the graphics API
8. Build Asset Bundles (Build -> New Build -> Default Build Script)
9. Build and run the project

Expected result: The cube is rendered white
Actual result: The cube is rendered pink

Reproducible with: 1.1.5 (2018.4.32f1), 1.17.5-preview (2018.4.32f1, 2019.4.21f1, 2020.2.7f1, 2021.1.0b10, 2021.2.0a7)

Reproduced on:
VLNQA00331, Huawei P20 lite (ANE-LX1), Android 9, CPU: HiSilicon Kirin 659, GPU: Mali-T830
VLNQA00013, Samsung Galaxy S6 edge+ (SM-G928F), Android 7.0, CPU: Exynos 7 Octa 7420, GPU: Mali-T760 (5ms)
VLNQA00122, Samsung Galaxy S9 (SM-G960F), Android 10, CPU: NOT FOUND, GPU: Mali-G72
VLNQA00321, Xiaomi MI 9 (MI 9), Android 10, CPU: Snapdragon 855 SM8150, GPU: Adreno (TM) 640
Windows Standalone

Does not reproduce on:
Windows Editor

Notes:
Cleaning the Addressables build cache (Build -> Clean Build -> All) solves the issue