Steps to reproduce:
1. Open the attached user's project "IssueReproducible.zip"
2. Open "SampleScene.unity"
3. Enter Play Mode
4. Observe Console Window

Expected Result: Collider2D.Cast respects collision matrix
Actual Result: Collider2D.Cast does not respect the collision matrix

Reproducible with: 2022.3.14f1, 2023.2.0f1, 2023.3.0a15
Could not test on 2021.3.32f1 due to scripting errors and missing definitions

Testing Environment: Windows 10
Not reproducible on: No other environment tested

Notes:
-Related forum thread: [https://forum.unity.com/threads/collider2d-cast-does-not-seem-to-respect-collider2d-excludelayers.1518301/]
-The Collider2D.Cast method, specifically the overload that does not take a ContactFilter2D, should adhere to the collider's collision rules, including the collision layer matrix and overrides like excludeLayer.