Reproduction steps:
1. Open the “MalformedCachedImageStripped“ project
2. Assets > Reimport All, and observe the Console

Expected result: No errors
Actual result: 64 errors

Reproduced in: 2022.3.8f1, 2023.1.9f1, 2023.2.0a17
Not reproduced in: 2021.3.29f1, 2023.2.0a18, 2023.2.0b6, 2023.3.0a2

Reproduced on: macOS 13.4.1 (Intel), Windows 10 (by reporter)
Not reproduced on: No other environment tested

There are 16 .shadergraph assets under Universal RP that produce 4 errors each, for example:
1. Texture of width 64 and height 64 is not accessible.
2. AssetImporter::SetThumbnail for path 'Packages/com.unity.render-pipelines.universal/Runtime/Materials/ArnoldStandardSurface/ArnoldStandardSurfaceTransparent.shadergraph' (instanceID -2162) got malformed image (w=0 h=0 format=0)
3. AssetImporter::GetThumbnailForInstanceID for instanceID -2162 has malformed cached image (w=0 h=0 format=0)
4. Assertion failed on expression: 'i->second.GetFormat() != kFormatNone'

Notes:
1. Also reproduced when updating the project instead of Reimport All
2. Also the reporter reproduced when switching between Intel-32 and Intel-64 in Build Settings and when toggling Lightmap Streaming
3. Not reproduced in a new project