Steps to reproduce:
1. Make sure you have ReShaper installed(for easiest reproduction)
2. Download and open the attached project
3. Open the NewBehaviourScript script in Visual Studio
4. Run the test with CTRL+R+U

Expected result: test runs fine
Actual result: test fails with a TargetInvocationException

Reproduced on 5.6.2p4, 2017.1.0f3, 2017.2.0b3
5.5.4f1 does not appear to have the NUnit framework

Won't fix because:
You can not run tests in VS+ReShaper and get the same execution as you would when executing tests in Unity test runner.
The reason is that ReShaper basically starts its own runner, and by that, all the thread handling and etc we do so that nunit works with Unity is not done.
Maybe the reason it worked before, was that we were using an older nunit version. Nunit changed a lot from v2 to v3 and how the execution of tests are done.