How to reproduce:
1. Open the attached project "bug-compute-shader-nographics.zip" to generate the "Library" folder and then close the Editor
2. Launch the Editor in Batch mode with the -nographics flag from Terminal (e.g. "/Applications/Unity/2021.2.14f1_bcb93e5482d2/Unity.app/Contents/MacOS/Unity -projectPath=/Applications/Unity/untitled folder/bug-compute-shader-nographics -batchmode -executeMethod Test.Run -quit -logFile Editor.log -nographics")
3. Observe the generated "Editor.log" from where you ran the command in the Terminal

Reproducible with: 2021.2.0a18, 2021.2.19f1, 2022.1.0b14, 2022.2.0a9
Not reproducible with: 2019.4.37f1, 2020.3.32f1, 2021.2.0a17

First lines of stack trace:
#0 GetStacktrace(int)
#1 CrashHandler(int)
#2 _sigtramp
#3 ???
#4 CgBatchCompileComputeKernel(core::basic_string<char, core::StringStorageDefault<char> >&, core::basic_string<char, core::StringStorageDefault<char> > const&, core::basic_string<char, core::StringStorageDefault<char> > const&, dynamic_array<core::pair<core::basic_string<char, core::StringStorageDefault<char> >, core::basic_string<char, core::StringStorageDefault<char> >, true>, 0ul> const&, dynamic_array<core::basic_string<char, core::StringStorageDefault<char> >, 0ul> const&, dynamic_array<core::basic_string<char, core::StringStorageDefault<char> >, 0ul> const&, BuildTargetPlatform, bool, bool, bool, std::__1::vector<unsigned char, std::__1::allocator<unsigned char> >&, ShaderCompilerPlatform, ShaderCompilationFlags, ShaderRequirements, unsigned int, unsigned int, void ()(void, CgBatchErrorType, int, int, char const, char const), void*)
#5 DispatchCommand(ShaderCompilerConnection&, core::basic_string<char, core::StringStorageDefault<char> > const&)

Notes:
1. The Editor crashes with a pop-up on 2021.2.14f1 only, a segmentation fault is printed in Terminal on other versions