How to reproduce:
1. Download the attached project "1090947v2.zip"
2. In the Build Settings, change to the Android platform
3. In the Build Settings, check these options: Export Project, Development Build, Script Debugging, Wait For Managed Debugger
4. Connect Android device to your PC with a USB
5. In the Build Settings, press Build And Run
6. When the build is finished, unplug the Android device from USB and have WI-FI enabled
7. Install Visual Studio 2019, if you don't have it already (https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/install/install-visual-studio?view=vs-2019)
8. In the toolbar of Visual Studio, press Run > Attach To Process
9. Select Unity Debugger and select your device

Expected result: A Visual Studio window with monitor tables is opened (build is attached to process)
Actual result: An empty Visual Studio window is opened (build is not attached to process)

Reproducible with: 2020.1.0a9, 2020.3.20f1, 2021.1.25f1
Not reproducible with: 2019.4.31f1, 2020.1.0a8
Could not test with: 2021.2.0b16, 2022.1.0a12 (errors in case 1373278)

Reproducible on:
VLNQA00022, Xiaomi Redmi Note 3 (Redmi Note 3), Android 6.0.1, CPU: Snapdragon 617 MSM8952, GPU: Adreno (TM) 510
VLNQA00288, Samsung Galaxy J7 (SM-J730F), Android 8.1.0, CPU: Exynos 7 Octa 7870, GPU: Mali-T830
N/A, Huawei - (NOH-NX9), Android 10, CPU: NOT FOUND, GPU: Mali-G78
VLNQA00001, Google Pixel 2 (Pixel 2), Android 11, CPU: Snapdragon 835 MSM8998, GPU: Adreno (TM) 540
VLNQA00316, Samsung Galaxy Note10 (SM-N970F), Android 9, CPU: Exynos 9 Series 9825, GPU: Mali-G76
VLNQA00225, Qualcomm null (SDM845 for arm64), Android 8.1.0, CPU: Snapdragon 845 SDM845, GPU: Adreno (TM) 630

Notes:
- Does not reproduce with Mono Scripting Backend
- Does not reproduce when Export Project or Script Debugging is unticked
- The device can't be seen in Visual Studio when WI-FI on Android device is off and USB is connected