See the attached repro:

1) open a project or make new one
2) show an object in the inspector (e.g. a camera)
3) switch the inspector to Debug (three circles on the upper left of the inspector)
4) enter playmode
5) observe errors

Debug mode is described in the manual and it doesn't say that it won't work in playmode.

Reproduced on 2023.1.x (trunk in January) on Windows PC.

Example error callstack:
InvalidOperationException: The operation is not possible when moved past all properties (Next returned false)
UnityEditor.SerializedProperty.Verify (UnityEditor.SerializedProperty+VerifyFlags verifyFlags) (at D:/UnitySrc/git-unity/Editor/Mono/SerializedProperty.bindings.cs:490)
UnityEditor.SerializedProperty.NextVisible (System.Boolean enterChildren) (at D:/UnitySrc/git-unity/Editor/Mono/SerializedProperty.bindings.cs:496)
UnityEditor.SerializedProperty.GetEndProperty (System.Boolean includeInvisible) (at D:/UnitySrc/git-unity/Editor/Mono/SerializedProperty.bindings.cs:1866)
UnityEditor.SerializedProperty.GetEndProperty () (at D:/UnitySrc/git-unity/Editor/Mono/SerializedProperty.bindings.cs:1856)
UnityEditor.UIElements.Bindings.BindingsStyleHelpers.UpdateElementRecursively (UnityEngine.UIElements.VisualElement element, UnityEditor.SerializedProperty prop, System.Action`2[T1,T2] updateCallback) (at D:/UnitySrc/git-unity/ModuleOverrides/com.unity.ui/Editor/Bindings/BindingStyleHelpers.cs:55)
UnityEditor.UIElements.Bindings.BindingsStyleHelpers.UpdatePrefabStateStyle (UnityEngine.UIElements.VisualElement element, UnityEditor.SerializedProperty prop) (at D:/UnitySrc/git-unity/ModuleOverrides/com.unity.ui/Editor/Bindings/BindingStyleHelpers.cs:191)
UnityEditor.UIElements.Bindings.SerializedObjectBindingToBaseField`2[TValue,TField].Update () (at D:/UnitySrc/git-unity/ModuleOverrides/com.unity.ui/Editor/Bindings/BindingExtensions.cs:1610)
UnityEngine.UIElements.VisualTreeBindingsUpdater.UpdateBindings () (at D:/UnitySrc/git-unity/ModuleOverrides/com.unity.ui/Core/Bindings/VisualTreeBindingsUpdater.cs:330)
UnityEngine.UIElements.VisualTreeBindingsUpdater.Update () (at D:/UnitySrc/git-unity/ModuleOverrides/com.unity.ui/Core/Bindings/VisualTreeBindingsUpdater.cs:293)
UnityEngine.UIElements.VisualTreeUpdater.UpdateVisualTreePhase (UnityEngine.UIElements.VisualTreeUpdatePhase phase) (at D:/UnitySrc/git-unity/ModuleOverrides/com.unity.ui/Core/VisualTreeUpdater.cs:113)
UnityEngine.UIElements.Panel.UpdateBindings () (at D:/UnitySrc/git-unity/ModuleOverrides/com.unity.ui/Core/Panel.cs:1005)
UnityEngine.UIElements.UIElementsUtility.UnityEngine.UIElements.IUIElementsUtility.UpdateSchedulers () (at D:/UnitySrc/git-unity/ModuleOverrides/com.unity.ui/Core/UIElementsUtility.cs:256)
UnityEngine.UIElements.UIEventRegistration.UpdateSchedulers () (at D:/UnitySrc/git-unity/ModuleOverrides/com.unity.ui/Core/UIElementsUtility.cs:105)
UnityEditor.RetainedMode.UpdateSchedulers () (at D:/UnitySrc/git-unity/ModuleOverrides/com.unity.ui/Editor/RetainedMode.cs:55)