Reproductions steps:
1. Open the attached “repro_IN-77434“ project
2. Open the “Assets/Scenes/SampleScene.unity“ Scene
3. In the Hierarchy, select the “DuplicateTarget” Prefab (“Main Camera“ → “DuplicateTarget“)
4. Duplicate the “DuplicateTarget“ Prefab by pressing the “Ctrl + D“ button combination
5. Observe the crash

Reproducible with: 2022.1.0a15, 2022.3.31f1, 6000.0.5f1
Not reproducible with: 2021.3.39f1, 2022.1.0a14

Reproducible on: Windows 10 (22H2)
Not reproducible on: No other environments tested

Notes:

* Crash doesn’t reproduce when duplicating the Prefab in the “Project“ window
* Crash doesn’t reproduce when duplicating any of the children “New Game Object“ GameObjects of the “DuplicateTarget“

First few frames of the stack trace:
0x00007FFD82FDAD08 (Unity) Transform::SetParent
0x00007FFD82FE901E (Unity) SetParent
0x00007FFD824251F0 (Unity) Transform_CUSTOM_SetParent
0x00000206D4A42008 (Mono JIT Code) (wrapper managed-to-native) UnityEngine.Transform:SetParent_Injected (intptr,intptr,bool)
0x00000206D4A41F0B (Mono JIT Code) UnityEngine.Transform:SetParent (UnityEngine.Transform,bool)