To reproduce:
1. Build for Android using Batchmode build the project from command line

Example:
"/UnityInstallLocation/Unity.app/Contents/MacOS/Unity" -quit -batchmode -projectPath=/ProjectPath/VideoDecodeCommandLineBug
-executeMethod BuildScript.BuildAndroid

2. Start build on Device. The Video does not play. (Missing Shaders)
3. Open the project in the editor.
4. Build from Builds->Android (custom build script same as command line)
5. Play build on Device.

Expected: video will be played on both builds
Actual: video is played only when built with editor open

Reproducible: 5.6.4p1, 2017.1.2f1, 2017.2.0f3, 2017.2.0p4, 2017.3.0b8, 2018.1.0a6

Note:
This is caused due to the Unity editor at some point adding the required shaders to AlwaysIncludedShaders in GraphicsSettings.asset:
Hidden/VideoDecode
Hidden/VideoDecodeAndroid or Hidden/VideoDecodeOSX
When built in BatchMode the shaders are not correctly added.

In 2017.2.0p4 after first build with editor, project is built properly in command line too.

Tested on: LG G3,
OSX 10.13 standalone(no repro)