Steps to reproduce:

1) Download attached project 'BrokenTexture.zip' and open in Unity
2) Open Build Settings and make sure Texture Compression is ASTC
3) Build and Run 'Scene' scene on a device
Note: Cube will be black

Expected result: Cube should be textured with attached texture (check attached image 'expected.png')
Actual result: Texture is not rendered (check attached image 'actual.png')

Reproduced with:
5.5.0b1, 5.5.3p1, 5.6.0p1, 2017.1.0b1

DUT:
Reproduced with:
HUAWEI EVA L19, OS:7.0, CPU:arm64-v8a, GPU:Mali-T880, Build:HUAWEI/EVA-L19/HWEVA:6.0/HUAWEIEVA-L19/C432B182:user/release-keys(EMUI 5.0)

Not reproduced with:
Samsung SM G925F (Galaxy S6 Edge), OS:6.0.1, CPU:arm64-v8a, GPU:Mali-T760, Build:samsung/zeroltexx/zerolte:6.0.1/MMB29K/G925FXXU5DQA7:user/release-keys

Verizon SM G930V (Galaxy S7 Verizon), OS:7.0, CPU:arm64-v8a, GPU:Adreno (TM) 530, Build:Verizon/heroqltevzw/heroqltevzw:7.0/NRD90M/G930VVRU4BQA2:user/release-keys

HUAWEI EVA L19, OS:6.0, CPU:arm64-v8a, GPU:Mali-T880, Build:HUAWEI/EVA-L19/HWEVA:6.0/HUAWEIEVA-L19/C432B182:user/release-keys(EMUI 4.1)