Reproduction steps:
1. Open attached project.
2. Make sure that game view window is not visible.
3. Play the "Test" scene.
4. Unity crashes on:

0x000000014018788E (Unity) ShaderVariantCollection::GetClassIDVirtualInternal
0x000000014018A191 (Unity) ShaderVariantCollection::WarmupShadersImpl
0x000000014018A8F8 (Unity) ShaderVariantCollection::WarmupShaders
0x0000000140E0CD63 (Unity) ShaderVariantCollection_CUSTOM_WarmUp

or

#0 0x00000100db8c5f in ShaderWarmupFuncImpl(Shader, int, ShaderLab::Pass, ShaderKeywordSet const&, DynamicVBO, void)
#1 0x00000100db8b42 in ShaderVariantCollection::WarmupShadersImpl(void ()(Shader, int, ShaderLab::Pass, ShaderKeywordSet const&, DynamicVBO, void), DynamicVBO, void)
#2 0x00000100db8872 in ShaderVariantCollection::WarmupShaders()

Workaround:
Open and play the same project again.

Reproduced with: 5.3.4f1
Not reproducible with: 5.2.4f1, 5.4.0b11